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3.2.3.1.2 Attitudes, 3.2.3.1.5 Aggression, 3.2.3.1.6 Motivation GapFill
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Attitude can be defined as an enduring emotional feeling that alters an individual's response towards a specific situation. It is important for a performer to have attitude as this has a beneficial impact on motivation towards achieving goals and task persistence.
Attitude formation is dependent on a number of factors:
- type – As covered earlier, there are many different types. It is suggested that extroverts are more likely to have a positive attitude towards sport by embracing social scenarios.
- Social influences – This is encapsulated by the theory, which suggests that an individual is more likely to form an attitude based on the observation of a significant other.
- Social – An individual is more likely to develop an attitude that is deemed socially acceptable or has been passed down through history in certain cultures.
- – What we are taught in school and by peers could influence our beliefs or attitudes.
- Media influence – What we see or read in the news or on social media can also shape our attitudes.
- Personal experiences – If an individual has had a large amount of positive personal experience of a certain situation, they are more likely to form a positive attitude towards this situation. The more emotional the experience, the more likely that an attitude will be formed.
Every attitude is represented by a triadic model, made up of three components:
| The component | The component | The component |
| The emotional reaction towards attitude. A positive emotional reaction to exercise would promote the formation of positive attitudes towards exercise. For example, a sedentary individual who sees visible signs of improvement following two weeks of training might change their attitude towards exercise as they feel healthier. | How an individual behaves compared to what they believe. Their behaviour is more reflective of their attitude than their beliefs. For example, a sedentary individual may be well educated on the health benefits of physical activity, yet may still refrain from participating, revealing their attitude towards it. | An individual’s thoughts towards an attitude object. This involves an individual’s attitude being influenced by either positive or negative beliefs that the individual holds. For example, a sedentary individual does not think that exercise is that important for them in maintaining a healthy lifestyle as they already have a good diet and don’t drink or smoke. |
In the event of an undesirable attitude exhibited by a player, it should be the coach's intentions to attempt to modify their attitude to avoid conflicts with the rest of the group. There are two standout and effective methods by which this could be achieved.
Methods of attitude change:
– The success of this method is dependent on the following factors:
- The characteristics of the – Someone more willing and who is open to ideas or is easily swayed by words is more likely to be convinced to change their attitude
- The characteristics of the – If they are of a higher status than the recipient, social learning theory suggests they are more likely to change their attitude
- The quality of the – This must be clear, accurate and concise to avoid overloading the recipient with information and thus demotivating them to pay full attention
– The basis of this method is to create an imbalance in one’s beliefs by causing a conflict between the three components of attitude. This conflict is designed to influence the individual into restoring balance between the components by changing their attitude. For example, in order for a determined 800 m runner to be persuaded to take up the heptathlon due to their all-round track and field ability, their component could be targeted by introducing other track and field events into their warm-up as a practical demonstration of their ability to be successful in these events.