Programming languages and IDEs (2.5) GapFill

Computers represent instructions and data as  hexadecimalbinaryread-onlyrandom-access information, sequences of 1s and 0s. When such a sequence instructs a computer to perform an operation, it is known as  machine codean instruction seta translatorsource code. This is an example of a  proceduralmid-levelhigh-levellow-level language, a programming language  where each instruction matches an operation in the CPU's instruction setthat is less efficient than high-level languagesthat uses an IDEwhere each instruction is the equivalent of several operations in the CPU's instruction set. Assembly language is a low-level language that can usually be directly translated to machine code, but is far easier to understand.  SoftwareLow-levelHigh-levelMid-level languages tend to be non-portable, as  low-level code takes up a lot of memorythey are complicated to programdifferent processors have different instruction setsdifferent processors have different clock speeds.

Low-level languages can be difficult to use, as even simple operations can require many instructions to be carried out. As a result, they tend to be used only for parts of a program that need to be particularly efficient (which is often the case for programs running  across a networkon multi-core CPUson embedded systemsusing a compiler). Instead, developers usually create programs in high-level languages, such as Java or Python. High-level languages are designed to be easy to use, and can be tailored to a specific task (such as  SQLCPythonC#, which was developed specifically for using databases).

As computers cannot directly execute assembly or high-level languages, the code created in these languages (known as source code) must be translated so that the computer can execute them.  Utility softwareAn IDEAn assemblerA debugger is a type of translation software that converts assembly language into machine code, which is relatively straightforward due to the similarity of the two. High-level languages are more complicated to translate, and there are two ways to translate high-level languages: with a compiler or with an interpreter. Compilers  convert and then run each line of code in sequenceconvert all of the source code into machine code at oncecorrect all errors before translating the source codereplace the keywords in the source code with instructions from the CPU's instruction set. The translated code is known as  hexadecimalembedded codeobject codean IDE and this is what the computer is capable of executing. Interpreters  convert and then run each line of code in sequencereplace the keywords in the source code with instructions from the CPU's instruction setcorrect all errors before translating the source codeconvert all of the source code into machine code at once, which makes them useful for identifying where errors may be occurring in a program. While high-level languages are portable, and high-level source code can function even if it is moved to a computer with a different instruction set, the files that are created when source code is compiled are non-portable.