What are the challenges in river landscapes, and how can they be managed? GapFill

Hard engineering involves the use of  rock onlyconcrete, rock and timbernaturedams whilst soft engineering involves working with  expensivenaturecheapnatural Hard strategies are  cheapdismantleextreme weatherexpensive and involve changing the river – cutting off  drainage basinleveesfieldsmeanders and building  expensivebendserosiondams However, soft strategies are  drainage basincheaperextreme weatherexpensive they involve putting in meanders and reed  fieldscheaperbedstwist encouraging the river to follow its natural  coursefieldsdrainage basinconcrete Soft engineering is sustainable because it is cheap to  cheapconstructdamdismantle and maintain. It involves understanding the river and how it will  damfloodingtwistflow in the future. Planting trees intercept rainfall so they reduce  floodingextreme weatherbendsdams and putting in meanders gives the flood waters more  extreme weatherexpensivespacethrough-flow so that it will not ruin a built-up area.