Reactions of acids GapFill

Acids can react with metals to form  a metal acida halogena metal carbonatea metal oxidea saltan alkali and hydrogen, with metal hydroxides and metal oxides to form a salt and  oxygenwatermethanea basea hydrocarbonhydrogen carbonate, and with metal carbonates to form a salt, water and  hydrogencarboncarbon dioxidea metalcarbon monoxidehydrogen carbonate. The salts which are formed in these reactions depend on the metal and the acid used; for example, nitric acid forms  nitrogennitritesnitrilesnitratesnitroxidesnitrous oxides, and  chloricsulfochloricethanoicdichloricnitrochlorichydrochloric acid forms chlorides.

To make a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, heat  an alkanewateran alcoholan acida salt solutiona halogen and then add a solid, insoluble metal, alkali or base until no more reacts. The mixture should be filtered and the solution heated to  meltevaporatecondensefreezedissolveabsorb the water away until  transparentcolourlesspurewhitesoftblue, dry salt crystals appear.

Acids release  Cl⁻Ca²⁺Na⁺H⁺K⁺N⁺ ions in solution, and alkali solutions contain OH⁻ ions. The  weighingcolourwaterdensityacidosispH scale uses the numbers 0 to 14 to describe the acidity or  densityconcentrationreactivitysolubilityionisationalkalinity of a solution, which can be determined using  an electrodea buffera barometeruniversal indicatora cathodea thermometer.

In a titration, acid is placed in a  measuring cylinderpipetteconical flaskbeakercondenserburette and dripped slowly into a beaker containing a  basemetalmetal carbonatemetal oxidegassolid and a suitable indicator, which changes colour when the reaction is complete.