Carbon, and bulk and surface properties GapFill

Diamond is a giant covalent lattice of carbon atoms, where each atom is bonded to  576834 others around it. Diamond  cannot conductcan transfercan storecannot insulatecan transformcan generate electricity and has a high  flexibilitypositive chargesustainabilitymelting pointnegative chargereactivity.

In  carbon monoxidegraphiteleadsilicacoalcarbon dioxide, carbon atoms are arranged into layers, with each atom bonded to  265743 others around it.  EntropyAn electronA protonA neutronEnergyHeat from each atom is delocalised between the layers, and so graphite can conduct  radio waveselectricityheatwaterchargeultraviolet light. Layers can slide over each other, so graphite is very  unstablereactivestableharddensesoft.

 LeadCoalCarbon monoxideCarbon dioxideDiamondGraphene is one layer of graphite, and its electrically conductive properties mean it is useful in  vision correctionagricultureelectronicscosmeticspaintspackaging.

Hollow carbon structures are called  emptyanesfullerenescreatinesgrapholescarbon tunnelscoarse particles and include cylinders called carbon  buckytubescarbotunnelstunnelcarbsnanotubescylindocarbscarbotubes and spheres called buckyballs.

Nanoparticles are  1-10 micrometres10-250 micrometres1-100 nanometres100-2500 nanometres1-10 picometres10-50 nanometres in diameter and have high  melting pointsatom economybrittlenessstabilitysurface-area-to-volume ratioelectrical insulation, which makes them more effective as medicines, sun creams, deodorants and  building materialsclothingpesticidesinksshaving foamcatalysts.