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Patterns of inheritance GapFill
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The of an organism is all the genetic information of that individual. It consists of a number of different genes, which may come in different forms, called . If, for a certain characteristic, an individual possesses two variants which are different, they are referred to as for that trait.
Some gene variants may only be expressed in the absence of a dominant variant - they are called . In the case that more than one gene variant can contribute to the phenotype, they are referred to as . occurs when one gene affects the expression of another.
Some genes are found only on the X chromosome or the Y chromosome, and are called .
A can be used to test whether the observed phenotypic ratios from genetic crosses differ significantly from the expected ratios. To do this, you need to know what the correct to use is, which is the number of classes minus one.
The major source of genetic variation within a population is from mutation, but sexually reproducing organisms also vary as a result of and of gametes. Many continuous characteristics may be determined largely by genes, but also influenced by .
In small populations, changes in allelic frequencies are likely to quickly have a huge effect on the whole population; this is known as . Reproductive separation may occur as a result of a physical barrier - this geographic separation is known as speciation. Alternatively, speciation occurs when populations in the same region become reproductively separated for another reason.