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Thinkers and their Ideas Categorise
Target Level
C
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1 of 3
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Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Beatrice Webb
Rosa Luxemburg
Anthony Crosland
Anthony Giddens
Proposed the idea of state-managed capitalism, meaning that it was monitored to restrict the inequalities it could cause
Considered that history was defined by the conflict between classes, the latest of which was that between workers and business owners
Advocated historical materialism - the idea that it is economic factors that determine how society is structured
Considered that capitalism would naturally be replaced with communism after a revolution
Advocated evolutionary socialism - reforming society through peaceful change
Considered that democracy would favour the workers because they made up the majority of society
Considered that class was becoming less significant as workers were becoming better off and there was a growing middle class
Advocated a limited state due to the inefficiency of state intervention; the state should, therefore, focus on public services only
Advocated the creation of a welfare state - an expanded state that helped those in need
Held that socialism was a set of principles instead of a set of strictly defined institutions
Considered that gradual reform would dilute socialism, and that, therefore, only revolution could bring about true socialism
Considered that capitalism would eventually expire because it would run out of things to exploit
Considered the free market capable of encouraging individual responsibility
Considered that the expansion of globalisation meant that socialism needed updating
Considered that the revolution had to be led directly by workers rather than by a political party, because parties would inevitably become disconnected from the workers themselves