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Thinkers and their Ideas Categorise
Target Level
C
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Thomas Hobbes
Edmund Burke
Michael Oakeshott
Ayn Rand
Robert Nozick
There needs to be a balance between freedom and order
People should be free to choose how to involve themselves in the economy and should aim to achieve purpose through hard work
A strong state is needed to ensure order in society
Change must be approached with caution because order and security are the most important considerations
Tradition represents past wisdom and so should be respected
Advocated the Night Watchman State - it should concern itself only with defence, not welfare or laws about behaviour
People are motivated by power, are not rational and have obligations to their state
People are imperfect in that they are unable to understand the complicated nature of the world
The state should make decisions based on what is best for the people, as well as taking tradition into account
Politics should focus on reality rather than having a fixed goal following abstract concepts
Advocated empiricism - basing actions on past practical experiences
Individual rights are paramount as the highest moral aim is seeking personal happiness. As such, all should be free from any moral obligations to others.
Society was entirely composed of self-interested individuals and so should focus on providing individual rights
Advocated self-ownership - people fully own themselves and what they create and so should maintain control of this
Advocated objectivism - that human life is centered on reason, which should be used to gain objective knowledge