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Types of substance Categorise
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Ionic compounds
Small molecules
Polymers
Giant covalent structures
Metals
Do not conduct electricity as the molecules do not have an overall charge
High melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
Weak intermolecular forces
Do not conduct electricity (except graphite)
Example: sodium chloride
Example: poly(ethene)
Easily bent and shaped as atoms are arranged in layers
Good thermal conductors due to delocalised electrons
Example: diamond
Example: iron
Good conductors of electricity as solids
Can conduct electricity as liquids or when dissolved in water
Example: methane
Substances which are almost always solid due to very high melting points
Usually gases or liquids
Usually quite soft when pure, but can be made harder by mixing
Long chains of connected monomers that are solid at room temperature